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Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy ((タミル語:ஆனந்த குமாரசுவாமி), ''Ānanda Kentiś Kumāraswāmī''; 22 August 1877 − 9 September 1947) was a Ceylonese Tamil philosopher and metaphysician, as well as a pioneering historian and philosopher of Indian art, particularly art history and symbolism, and an early interpreter of Indian culture to the West.〔Murray Fowler, "In Memoriam: Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy", ''Artibus Asiae,'' Vol. 10, No. 3 (1947), pp. 241-244〕 In particular, he is described as "the groundbreaking theorist who was largely responsible for introducing ancient Indian art to the West."〔(MFA: South Asian Art ). Archived from (the original )〕 ==Life== Ananda Kentish Coomaraswamy was born in Colombo, Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, to the Ceylonese Tamil legislator and philosopher Sir Muthu Coomaraswamy and his English wife Elizabeth Beeby. His father – a Sri Lankan Tamil Brahmin〔Kathleen Taylor, ''Sir John Woodroffe Tantra and Bengal'', Routledge (2012), p. 63〕〔''Journal of Comparative Literature & Aesthetics'', Volume 16 (1993), p. 61〕 – died when Ananda was two years old, and Ananda spent much of his childhood and education abroad. Coomaraswamy moved to England in 1879 and attended Wycliffe College, a preparatory school in Stroud, Gloucestershire, at the age of twelve. In 1900, he graduated from University College, London, with a degree in geology and botany. On 19 June 1902, Coomaraswamy married Ethel Mary Partridge, an English photographer, who then traveled with him to Ceylon. Their marriage lasted until 1913. Coomaraswamy's field work between 1902 and 1906 earned him a doctor of science for his study of Ceylonese mineralogy, and prompted the formation of the Geological Survey of Ceylon which he initially directed.〔(Philip Rawson, "A Professional Sage", ''The New York Review of Books,'' v. 26, no. 2 (February 22, 1979) )〕 While in Ceylon, the couple collaborated on ''Mediaeval Sinhalese Art''; Coomaraswamy wrote the text and Ethel provided the photographs. His work in Ceylon fueled Coomaraswamy's anti-Westernization sentiments.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Stella Bloch Papers Relating to Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, 1890-1985 (bulk 1917-1930) )〕 After their divorce, Partridge returned to England, where she became a famous weaver and later married the writer Philip Mairet. By 1906, Coomaraswamy had made it his mission to educate the West about Indian art, and was back in London with a large collection of photographs, actively seeking out artists to try to influence. He knew he could not rely on Museum curators or other members of the cultural establishment – in 1908 he wrote "The main difficulty so far seems to have been that Indian art has been studied so far only by archaeologists. It is not archaeologists, but artists … who are the best qualified to judge of the significance of works of art considered as art." By 1909, he was firmly acquainted with Jacob Epstein and Eric Gill, the city's two most important early Modernists, and soon both of them had begun to incorporate Indian aesthetics into their work. The curiously hybrid sculptures that were produced as a result can be seen to form the very roots of what is now considered British Modernism.〔Arrowsmith, Rupert Richard. (''Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African and Pacific Art and the London Avant Garde'' ). Oxford University Press, 2011, passim. ISBN 978-0-19-959369-9.〕〔(Video of a Lecture discussing Coomaraswamy's role in the introduction of Indian art to Western Modernists ), ''School of Advanced Study'', March 2012.〕 . Coomaraswamy then met and married a British woman Alice Ethel Richardson and together they went to India and stayed on a houseboat in Srinagar in Kashmir. Commaraswamy studied Rajput painting whilst his wife studied Indian music with Abdul Rahim of Kapurthala. When they returned to England Alice performed Indian song under the stage name Ratan Devi. They had two children, a son, Narada, and daughter, Rohini. Alice was successful and they both went to America when Ratan Devi did a concert tour.〔(Alice Richardson ), Making Britain, Open University, Retrieved 17 October 2015〕 Whilst they were there Coomaraswamy was invited to serve as the first Keeper of Indian art in the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1917.〔G. R. Seaman, ''(Coomaraswamy, Ananda Kentish (1877–1947) )'', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 17 Oct 2015〕 Coomaraswamy divorced his second wife after they arrived in America.〔 He married the American artist Stella Bloch, 29 years his junior, in November 1922. Through the 1920s, Coomaraswamy and his wife were part of the bohemian art circles in New York City, Coomaraswamy befriending Alfred Stieglitz and the artists who exhibited at Stieglitz's gallery. At the same time, he was studying Sanskrit and Pali religious literature as well as Western religious works. He wrote catalogues for the Museum of Fine Arts and published his ''History of Indian and Indonesian Art'' in 1927. After the couple divorced in 1930, they remained friends. Shortly thereafter, on 18 November 1930, Coomaraswamy married Argentine Luisa Runstein, 28 years younger, who was working as a society photographer under the professional name Xlata Llamas. They had a son, Coomaraswamy's third child, Rama Ponnambalam (1929-2006), who became a physician and convert at age 22 to the Roman Catholic Church. Following Vatican II, he became a critic of the reforms and author of Catholic Traditionalist works.〔("Rama P.Coomaraswamy (1929-2006)" by Willaim Stoddart and Mateus Soares de Azevedo (3 pdfs) )〕 He was also ordained a Traditionalist Roman Catholic priest, despite the fact he was married and had a living wife.〔("On the Validity of My Ordination" by Dr. Rama P. Coomaraswamy )〕 In 1933 Coomaraswamy's title at the Museum of Fine Arts changed from curator to Fellow for Research in Indian, Persian, and Mohammedan Art.〔 He served as curator in the Museum of Fine Arts until his death in Needham, Massachusetts, in 1947. During his long career, he was instrumental in bringing Eastern art to the West. In fact, while at the Museum of Fine Arts, he built the first substantial collection of Indian art in the United States.〔Princeton University Press, (The Door in the Sky: Coomaraswamy on Myth and Meaning )〕 He also helped with the collections of Persian Art at the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and the Museum of Fine Arts. After Coomaraswamy's death, his widow, Doña Luisa Runstein, acted as a guide and resource for students of his work. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ananda Coomaraswamy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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